Maybe i'm the lone skeptic in this thread but perhaps being back with you triggered what was an issue for him to begin with.
I wonder how volatile these arguments really were. I think it's easy to trivialize because of the gender dynamic, but I do know that people react to aggression differently, and women can be quite aggressive (breaking ish, throwing, slapping, talkin about your mama, etc).
The bottom line is that if he says he needs a break, give him one. Don't argue him out of his request because it makes you look disrespectful.
Just don't go back afterwards and if the arguments truly were that bad, consider it a fair time to get in deeper touch with yourself about why you participated in things escalating to that level.
But I could be wrong.