I experienced the same thing and from what I have learned from my stylist and doing independent studies in Trichology, damaged hair is damaged hair and there is nothing that can be done to reverse it.
I learned that the hard way when I allowed a new stylist to apply my relaxer; shortly afterwards, I experienced significant breakage. This had never happened to me before, but I was told by my regular stylist that I had 2 options:
1. Apply deep conditions, which she specifically chose for my hair texture: Emergencie by Nexxus, Bone Marrow, various products from Santo Domingo and other deep conditioners.
2. Cut it off and start from scratch.
I went with the first option for a couple of months, but got frustrated with ridiculous amounts of hair that I was losing and ended up going for a Halle Berry style pixie.
I got regular dustings, rather than outright trims, which allowed me to maintain length as the new hair grew out. Now, a year later my hair is back down past my chin in an ultra-even bob.
I don't apply my own relaxers, and take the 3.5 hour drive to NYC when I need a touch-up. A bad roller set is one thing, but improper use of chemicals is something that I don't want to have to experience again.